2008年国际间对中国的印象变差
BBC国际台赞助的一项民意调查显示，国际社会对中国的印象在2008年有转为负面化倾向。
这项调查在对21个国家的1.3万人进行访问后发现，认为中国是积极影响的人占总数39%，比去年少了6%。
与此同时，认为中国是负面影响的人的比例则上升到40%，比去年增加7%。
在除中国以外接受这项调查的20个国家中，有10个国家对中国主要持积极看法，另外10主要持负面态度。
而在一年前的调查中，国民对中国看法积极的国家有16个。
从地域看，欧洲的法国、德国、西班牙、意大利和英国、日本、菲律宾、土耳其以及埃及对中国的看法都有大幅恶化趋势。
拉丁美洲和非洲国家对中国的看法仍以积极为主。
美国人对中国的看法基本与去年持平（正面32%，负面52%）。
与此同时，中国人对欧洲国家以及美国的看法也呈恶化趋势。
调查发现，认为美国对世界是负面影响的中国人比例从2008年的46%上升到58%，认为欧盟是负面影响的人的比例从16%增加到28%。
在欧洲国家中，中国人对法国的看法恶化幅度最大，对法国持积极看法的人从64%下降到44%。
中国对英国以及德国的感觉则相应转暖，对英国看法积极的人占67%，增加11%；对德国看法积极的人占65%，增加7%。
这次调查由GlobeScan公司代表BBC国际台进行，共对21个国家的1.3万人进行了调查。
参加这次调查的国家和地区有：加拿大、美国、墨西哥、中美、智利、英国、德国、法国、西班牙、意大利、埃及、加纳、尼日利亚、土耳其、俄罗斯、印度、中国、日本、菲律宾、印度尼西亚和澳大利亚。
Russia and China seen negatively
Global attitudes towards Russia and China are worsening, a poll carried out for the BBC World Service suggests.
China's positive ratings fell six points over the year to 39%, while negative views of Russia jumped eight points to 42%, according to the survey.
The survey was taken after President Barack Obama's election, but 43% still felt the US impact was negative.
More than 13,000 people in 21 countries were interviewed for the poll, part of an annual survey of world opinion.
It was carried out by international pollster GlobeScan with the Program on International Policy Attitudes (Pipa) at the University of Maryland in the 10 weeks leading up to 1 February.
China and Russia
In last year's poll of the same countries, people leaned more towards saying China and Russia were having a positive influence on the world.
But views of China are now divided, with 40% rating it negatively compared with 39% who view it positively.
"Our poll results suggest that China has much to learn about winning hearts and minds in the world," said GlobeScan chairman Doug Miller.
"It seems that a successful Olympic Games has not been enough to offset other concerns that people have," he added, referring to the summer games hosted by Beijing in August 2008.
The poll also suggests that substantially more people now have a negative view of Russia's influence - 42% negative versus 30% positive - and that was before the recent disruption in Russian gas supplies to Europe.
"As for Russia, the more it acts like the old Soviet Union, the less people outside its borders seem to like it," Mr Miller said.
The World Service poll has been canvassing opinions on the influence of countries since 2005.
Obama's challenge
The US, for the first time since 2005, has surpassed Russia in positive ratings, with an average of 40% compared with 35% last year.
But it is still rated negatively by 43% of those polled, down from 47% in the 2008 poll.
Views of the US have improved in six countries, but attitudes towards it in Russia and China have grown more negative, while most people in Europe show little change.
"Though BBC polls have shown that most people around the world are hopeful that Barack Obama will improve US relations with the world, it is clear that his election alone is not enough to turn the tide," said Steven Kull, director of Pipa.
"People are still looking to see if there are significant changes in US policies."
Germany once again fared best in the poll, with every country viewing it positively and 61% of people rating it favourably, up from 55% last year.
The UK also moved up seven points, with 58% of people rating it as having a positive influence.
As was the case last year, Iran, Israel, Pakistan and North Korea were rated most negatively.
The latest results are based on 13,575 responses in 21 countries around the world. The survey has a margin of error ranging from 2.4% to 4.4% depending upon the country, 19 times out of 20.
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